Which body has the authority to examine a member's discharge and potentially issue benefits?

The correct answer highlights the role of review boards, specifically the Board for Correction of Military Records and other related bodies that have the authority to examine military discharges. These boards can review individual cases to determine whether a discharge was issued correctly and fairly according to military regulations. If the board finds that a discharge was unjust or erroneous, it has the authority to correct the record, which can lead to the awarding of benefits that the member may have been previously denied.

The Department of Veterans Affairs primarily administers benefits but does not directly review discharge statuses or make corrections regarding a member's discharge. The Office of the Secretary of Defense functions at a different level, focusing on broader policy and oversight rather than individual discharge reviews. The Executive Office of the President does not engage in specific case evaluations concerning military discharges or direct benefits determination for veterans. Therefore, understanding the distinct roles of these entities clarifies why review boards are tasked with discharge examinations and associated benefit decisions.